Spotted Turtle

Spotted Turtle is the only remaining Turtle species in the Clemmys genus. This semi-aquatic Turtle is found in different parts of the United States. It is quite peaceful in nature and makes a good pet.

Description

These small Turtles derive their name from their spotted appearance.

Size: Carapace length of the adults ranges between 3.1 inches to 4.7 inches (8 cm to 12 cm). The females are a little larger than the males.

Color: Their carapace is black in color and is spotted with bright yellow marks. The females generally have more spots than the males. The base skin color of this species ranges from grey to black with the head, neck and limps having yellow spots. The underbellies of Spotted Turtles can be yellow, orange, pink or reddish in color.

Carapace: They have smooth upper shells or carapaces. The upper shells are not marked with a central ridge or “keel”. There is one yellow spot on each section of the hatchling’s carapace.

Picture 1 – Spotted Turtle

Plastron: Their plastron or bottom shells are yellow to orange-yellow in color with a black spot on each scute. But as the Turtles become older, the whole plastron becomes black due to the increase in its melanism. The plastrons of the male Turtles are concave while the females have flat or convex plastrons.

Head: The black heads have an orange mark on each side. These Turtles also have several yellow stripes on their heads. They have toothed upper jaws. The male Turtles of this species have tan chin and brown eyes, while the females have yellow chin and orange eyes.

Tail: Their short, flattish tails are black with yellow spots and stripes. The males have longer tails than the females.

Distribution

This Turtle species is found throughout US and in some areas of Canada. Their distribution range extends from Maine and southern Ontario to Florida. They can be found in many US states including New York, Pennsylvania, Georgia, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois, Delaware, Virginia and New Jersey.

Habitat

The Spotted Turtles are semi-aquatic in nature, which means they live both on terrestrial land and water. This species lives in several types of habitats including bogs, swamps, fens, woodland streams, wet pastures and marshes. They sometimes also inhabit brackish streams influenced by tides. These reptiles always live in areas with slow moving water and soft soil.

Diet

This omnivorous Turtle feeds in water. Their diet consists of plant materials including various aquatic vegetations and green algae. They also eat animal foods like aquatic insect larvae, slugs, worms, spiders, millipedes, crustaceans, salamanders, tadpoles and small fishes.

Picture 2 – Spotted Turtle Image

Behavior

Find out about some of their behavior patterns:

• They become inactive during the extremely cold winter months and the extremely hot summer months.
• Their activity begins early in spring when they can be seen basking in fields and logs. They become most active in April-May in the northern parts of their distribution.
• Spotted Turtles hibernate on land or in water during the extremely hot and cold months.
• They burrow in leaf litters in marsh edges or woodlands during their summer dormancy.
• The Turtles of this species are active hunters and they mainly hunt underwater. But, some researches show that they sometimes move onto terrestrial lands for hunting.
• They feed when the temperature is above 57.6 °F (14.2 °C).
• Nesting females remain active during the evening.
• This Turtle tends to jump into water and bury itself in mud when startled by predators while basking.

Predators

Many animals and birds prey on these small Turtles. Their predators include Raccoons, Muskrats, Skunks, Otters, Minks, Black bears and Bald eagles.

Adaptations

Spotted Turtle has many adaptive features and characteristics that help it to survive in its wild habitat:

• Like all other Turtle species, the hard shell help this Turtle to avoid being prayed on.
• They often live in water habitats containing duckweeds as they provide the Turtles with excellent camouflage.
• The concave plastrons of the males are considered to be an adaptive feature that helps them during mating.

Mating Season

Mating takes place between March and May for this species. They are known to mate in their water habitats.

Reproduction

These Turtles become reproductively mature when they are 7 to 10 years old. The females leave the mating ponds to look for nesting spots. They often travel long distances to find a suitable nesting site. Open lands such as fields, meadows and the edges of roads are preferred for nesting. The females dig 2.5 × 2 inches holes with their legs and lay 3 to 6 eggs. The oval eggs have thin and flexible shells. The female Turtles cover the holes with mud after laying the eggs and smooth the dirt over the holes with their bodies.

Life Cycle

Spotted Turtle eggs take around 11 weeks to hatch. Newborn hatchlings are approximately 1 inch long. The baby Spotted Turtles start searching for food and shelter immediately after birth. Their sex is determined by the temperature of their nest during specific points of the incubation period. Hatchlings born in cooler temperatures are males while hatchlings born in warmer temperatures are females.

Picture 3 – Spotted Turtle Photo

Hibernation

They hibernate when the weather is extremely hot or cold. Hibernation takes place in shallow waters, burrows and lodges. This species have been found to hibernate in groups of 5 to 12 individuals. They come out of their hibernation at the beginning of spring.

Lifespan

The lifespan of this species ranges between 25 to 50 years.

Pet Care

This Turtle make quite good pet for its peaceful nature and lows maintenance level. But it is an endangered species, so one should check with all the local and federal laws before getting a Turtle of this species as pet. Here is some information about housing and caring for a spotted Turtles:

Housing: A 25 gallon to 35 gallon tank is ideal for a pair of Turtles. Half of the tank should contain water and the rest of it should be land. The water level should be 3 to 6 inches high. One should also provide them with pieces of wood and rocks that will work as basking spots.

Temperature: The water temperature should range from 75 °F to 85 °F while the temperature of the basking spot should be kept between 82 °F and 86 °F. The tank temperature should never exceed 88 °F as it may lead to hibernation.

Lighting: Full-spectrum lighting is necessary for their feeding, growth and breeding.

Feeding: One can feed them with insects, small mouse and live or frozen fish. They also eat trout chow and commercial turtle foods. Adults should be fed once every two or three days. It is important to provide them with suitable protein supplements after consulting a expert.

Conservation Status

This species in included in the “Endangered” category by the IUCN. In countries like US and Canada, they are considered to be federally endangered. Predation, habitat loss and their increased use in pet trade are among the main threats to their existence.

Interesting Facts

Here are some interesting facts about this Turtle:

• Females of this species store sperms from successful copulations to use them for producing healthy offspring, even after 5 years.
• Their karyotypes consist of 50 chromosomes.
• Each adult Spotted Turtle can have up to 100 spots.

Pictures

Here are some images of this turtle species.

Picture 4 – Spotted Turtle Eggs

Picture 5 – Spotted Turtle Picture